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Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-g_VzzHzaUw0\/XJ-DogCRhLI\/AAAAAAAAbyc\/zo4GW4KkKNclfUxHeg0jTX5SSQwUkQ15QCK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/Larry%2BMoran.jpg"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"101728"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"25"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-3415958809105172567"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-15T09:55:54.543-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-15T09:55:54.543-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"No, I don\u0026#39;t think it\u0026#39;s cheating cause you ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"No, I don\u0026#39;t think it\u0026#39;s cheating cause you didn\u0026#39;t show the answer, right?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EBut I know a lot of students use spying applications in order to hack the teacher\u0026#39;s devise and see the test questions beforehand.\u003Cbr \/\u003EI know it from my experience and know that my friends used this one to hack the computer files and online accounts of the teacher \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/mspylite.com\/how-to-catch-a-cheating-spouse-on-facebook-messenger\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003Emspylite.com\u003C\/a\u003E "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/5353283720573385784\/comments\/default\/3415958809105172567"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/5353283720573385784\/comments\/default\/3415958809105172567"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2008\/03\/is-it-cheating-to-discuss-assignment-in.html?showComment=1592229354543#c3415958809105172567","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Carol"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06702299542315596806"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2008\/03\/is-it-cheating-to-discuss-assignment-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5353283720573385784","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/5353283720573385784","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-411533443"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, June 15, 2020 9:55:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-3002435109233164"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T14:19:35.963-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T14:19:35.963-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"You may have to buy my book to see if any actual d..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"You may have to buy my book to see if any actual ducks are mentioned. :-) "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/3002435109233164"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/3002435109233164"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html?showComment=1592158775963#c3002435109233164","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/4151327082322440014"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-g_VzzHzaUw0\/XJ-DogCRhLI\/AAAAAAAAbyc\/zo4GW4KkKNclfUxHeg0jTX5SSQwUkQ15QCK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/Larry%2BMoran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4788196607866956747","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4788196607866956747","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 2:19:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4151327082322440014"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T10:30:38.627-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T10:30:38.627-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I\u0026#39;m intrigued by your last bullet point but sa..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"I\u0026#39;m intrigued by your last bullet point but saddened to realize that it probably involves no actual ducks."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/4151327082322440014"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/4151327082322440014"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html?showComment=1592145038627#c4151327082322440014","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"John Harshman"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/04478895397136729867"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"25","height":"32","src":"\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/--1n10BqD38w\/XuY1vH1JxVI\/AAAAAAAAUMc\/AKPZOfqokgwkwwxkQ4OqJT7wO-xE1gEJACK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/whistling%2Bdaffy%2Bsmaller.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4788196607866956747","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4788196607866956747","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1733149485"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 10:30:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7015746594229730153"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T10:02:06.278-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T10:02:06.278-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"\u0026quot;The Post Hoc Fallacy is an example of faulty..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u0026quot;The \u003Ci\u003EPost Hoc\u003C\/i\u003E Fallacy is an example of faulty logic. It assumes that because something happened (A) after something else (B) then B must be the cause of A. The term “\u003Ci\u003Epost hoc\u003C\/i\u003E” is a shortened version of \u003Ci\u003Epost hoc ergo proper hoc\u003C\/i\u003E, which means “after this, because of this.”  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E In the context of this chapter, the fallacy manifests itself in the following way. Because some  mobile genetic elements have been co-opted to produce functional DNA, then mobile genetic elements in the genome must be there in order to facilitate the evolution of new functional elements. It’s an argument against junk DNA. It supposes that species have selected for a genome full of bits and pieces of mobile genetic elements so they can evolve in the future.\u0026quot;"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/7015746594229730153"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/7015746594229730153"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html?showComment=1592143326278#c7015746594229730153","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/8249529701413519233"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-g_VzzHzaUw0\/XJ-DogCRhLI\/AAAAAAAAbyc\/zo4GW4KkKNclfUxHeg0jTX5SSQwUkQ15QCK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/Larry%2BMoran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4788196607866956747","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4788196607866956747","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 10:02:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-8249529701413519233"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T09:02:41.888-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T09:02:41.888-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Certainly looking forward to this. Can\u0026#39;t conta..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Certainly looking forward to this. Can\u0026#39;t contain my curiosity, what are you referring to with the post hoc fallacy in relation to exaptation?"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/8249529701413519233"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/8249529701413519233"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html?showComment=1592139761888#c8249529701413519233","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIaUJ4pCpaE\/UaBt7hHdemI\/AAAAAAAAACM\/VHgMmN5IxLE\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4788196607866956747","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4788196607866956747","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 9:02:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-8715001152004974972"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T08:57:09.568-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T08:57:09.568-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I take your meaning, that\u0026#39;s a much better poin..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"I take your meaning, that\u0026#39;s a much better point. There is no reason why the term gene has to encompass all possible functional DNA sequences. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8715001152004974972"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8715001152004974972"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1592139429568#c8715001152004974972","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8688015368461119602"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIaUJ4pCpaE\/UaBt7hHdemI\/AAAAAAAAACM\/VHgMmN5IxLE\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 8:57:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-440992884749843822"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T08:34:16.883-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T08:34:16.883-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Been waiting for your book - trust it will come ou..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Been waiting for your book - trust it will come out soon."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/440992884749843822"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/440992884749843822"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html?showComment=1592138056883#c440992884749843822","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Dave Tinker"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/17727391318870113823"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4788196607866956747","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4788196607866956747","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1793968603"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 8:34:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5178959888955947588"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-14T01:54:59.884-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-14T01:54:59.884-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Great to see that you are getting the book finishe..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Great to see that you are getting the book finished.  It is badly needed.  I wondered whether you would be able to write enough -- I guess I need not have worried!"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/5178959888955947588"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4788196607866956747\/comments\/default\/5178959888955947588"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html?showComment=1592114099884#c5178959888955947588","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/whats-in-your-genome-chapter-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4788196607866956747","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4788196607866956747","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, June 14, 2020 1:54:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-2283644396042613020"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-13T11:28:52.545-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-13T11:28:52.545-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"\u0026quot;All currently known, and yet to be discovere..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u0026quot;All currently known, and yet to be discovered functional DNA sequences\u0026quot; are called \u0026quot;functional DNA sequences.\u0026quot; Why do we need to call them \u0026quot;genes\u0026quot;? What do we gain by changing the definition of \u0026quot;gene\u0026quot; and creating more confusion?"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/2283644396042613020"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/2283644396042613020"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1592062132545#c2283644396042613020","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8688015368461119602"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-g_VzzHzaUw0\/XJ-DogCRhLI\/AAAAAAAAbyc\/zo4GW4KkKNclfUxHeg0jTX5SSQwUkQ15QCK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/Larry%2BMoran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Saturday, June 13, 2020 11:28:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5237396807754285151"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-13T09:01:09.511-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-13T09:01:09.511-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Well we could have sub-categories of genes. In a w..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Well we could have sub-categories of genes. In a way we already do. We have protein coding genes(transcribed \u003Cem\u003Eand\u003C\/em\u003E translated, and RNA genes(transcribed only). And then we could have non-transcribed genes. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI think Dan\u0026#39;s definition is fine, as it seems broad enough to capture all functional DNA sequences. It then shifts the question to categorization, having established the basis for a gene is it\u0026#39;s selected effect-function. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIf that requires us to adjust the number of \u0026quot;functional genes\u0026quot; in the human genome up or down, then so be it. Okay, so there will be a lot of confusion about conflicting numbers depending on how the terms have been used traditionally, but aren\u0026#39;t we already in that situation? It seems to me we already have to constantly spend lots of time defining terms, explaining concepts, and giving historical contexts in discussions of these matters. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI suppose your goal seems different from Dan\u0026#39;s. I guess you\u0026#39;re more concerned about clearing up all this confusion about functional vs junk-DNA, and Dan is more concerned about having a definition broad enough to capture all currently known, and yet to be discovered functional DNA sequences."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/5237396807754285151"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/5237396807754285151"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1592053269511#c5237396807754285151","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8688015368461119602"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIaUJ4pCpaE\/UaBt7hHdemI\/AAAAAAAAACM\/VHgMmN5IxLE\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Saturday, June 13, 2020 9:01:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5997938700889736668"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-12T17:02:42.389-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-12T17:02:42.389-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Problem 1: UTRs and introns are part of a gene by ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Problem 1: UTRs and introns are part of a gene by my definition. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EProblem 2: Lonesome George had plenty of genes by anyone\u0026#39;s definition, including Dan Graur\u0026#39;s.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EProblem 3: You are correct. When a given DNA sequence is not currently subject to purifying selection then it is not a functional gene by most definitions. It doesn\u0026#39;t matter whether it was previously functional. Pseudogenes are a good example. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis is related to the differences between two different kinds of selected effect (SE) functions: \u003Ci\u003Eorigin\u003C\/i\u003E SE functions, and \u003Ci\u003Emaintenance\u003C\/i\u003E SE functions. It\u0026#39;s possible to have currently functional sequences that did not arise by traditional natural selection.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis point is discussed in  ...\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELinquist, S., W. F. Doolittle and A. F. Palazzo (2020). \u0026quot;Getting clear about the F-word in genomics.\u0026quot; PLOS Genetics 16(4): e1008702. [\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008702\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003Edoi: 10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008702\u003C\/a\u003E]\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/5997938700889736668"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/5997938700889736668"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1591995762389#c5997938700889736668","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/299923783498044887"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-g_VzzHzaUw0\/XJ-DogCRhLI\/AAAAAAAAbyc\/zo4GW4KkKNclfUxHeg0jTX5SSQwUkQ15QCK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/Larry%2BMoran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, June 12, 2020 5:02:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6929966321629314501"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-12T16:18:26.047-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-12T16:18:26.047-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"That completely changes the definition of a gene a..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"That completely changes the definition of a gene and leaves us with no suitable word for the pieces of DNA that are transcribed to make a functional product. It means that debates over the number of genes in the human genome are worthless because there are about 100,000 origins of replication and about 100,000 SARs (scaffold attachment regions). I don\u0026#39;t think Dan\u0026#39;s definition is helpful."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/6929966321629314501"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/6929966321629314501"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1591993106047#c6929966321629314501","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8688015368461119602"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-g_VzzHzaUw0\/XJ-DogCRhLI\/AAAAAAAAbyc\/zo4GW4KkKNclfUxHeg0jTX5SSQwUkQ15QCK4BGAYYCw\/s220\/Larry%2BMoran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, June 12, 2020 4:18:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-299923783498044887"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-12T07:25:03.270-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-12T07:25:03.270-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Problem 1: Most of what we call a structural gene ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Problem 1: Most of what we call a structural gene is not in fact a gene, for example most introns are not genes, nor are UTRs, nor is every third base in most open reading frames. \u0026quot;Genes\u0026quot; are individual motes of dust scattered throughout genomic regions that encode functional products.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EProblem 2: Endlings like Lonesome George have no genes. Their ancestors had genes, but they themselves do not. There is not a single nucleotide in their genomes that has any bearing on their ability to reproduce.\u003Cbr \/\u003Ehttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lonesome_George\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EProblem 3: If an asteroid wipes out the USA, some of my genes will cease to be genes. Whether or not a sequence has a selected effect depends on population size in addition to the magnitude of the selective coefficient. If the selection coefficient is small enough then the sequence will evolve neutrally. When a bottleneck reduces the population size, sequences that were previously under selection stop being under selection. Genes stop being genes."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/299923783498044887"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/299923783498044887"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1591961103270#c299923783498044887","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Peter"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/12559721137290332762"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-160954956"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, June 12, 2020 7:25:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-8688015368461119602"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-12T04:28:46.748-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-12T04:28:46.748-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Not sure I see what the problem with Dan\u0026#39;s def..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Not sure I see what the problem with Dan\u0026#39;s definition is. I could just say \u003Cem\u003Eyes\u003C\/em\u003E, telomeres, centromeres, and regulatory elements are types of genes. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8688015368461119602"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4519079439142840615\/comments\/default\/8688015368461119602"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html?showComment=1591950526748#c8688015368461119602","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIaUJ4pCpaE\/UaBt7hHdemI\/AAAAAAAAACM\/VHgMmN5IxLE\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/06\/dan-graur-proposes-new-definition-of.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4519079439142840615","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4519079439142840615","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, June 12, 2020 4:28:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-71232798375293531"},"published":{"$t":"2020-06-10T23:36:14.055-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-06-10T23:36:14.055-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"So cool to keep finding these blogs! I am also rel..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"So cool to keep finding these blogs! I am also related to Robert and Susanna Lockwoods! Definitely will be researching more. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/95999394868338263\/comments\/default\/71232798375293531"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/95999394868338263\/comments\/default\/71232798375293531"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/hanging-of-goodwife-knapp-in-1653.html?showComment=1591846574055#c71232798375293531","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"allison"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/09946348816565683332"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZXz-VIRvG1Y\/WOLPDAPNvrI\/AAAAAAAAJWM\/9ztQjyoW2Vo-wyDrk0vLEw0iivKzaYx2ACK4B\/s220\/12227703_10206252332841911_2019269547061959965_n.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/hanging-of-goodwife-knapp-in-1653.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-95999394868338263","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/95999394868338263","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1518815328"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Wednesday, June 10, 2020 11:36:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6214536041553972463"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-27T09:02:32.748-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-27T09:02:32.748-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"\u0026quot;Maybe education is the wrong word. If you\u0026#3..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u0026quot;Maybe education is the wrong word. If you\u0026#39;re having your nose rubbed in evidence and can\u0026#39;t notice it, maybe you\u0026#39;ve just been trained.\u0026quot;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EYou owe everyone new irony meters after that piper."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/6214536041553972463"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/6214536041553972463"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1590584552748#c6214536041553972463","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"dean"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08279929296814513986"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-430226920"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Wednesday, May 27, 2020 9:02:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-3950337324977333133"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-19T23:52:46.470-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-19T23:52:46.470-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Nobody has a frame of reference for millions of ye..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Nobody has a frame of reference for millions of years. It\u0026#39;s just words, disconnected from reality and science.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u0026quot;Here we report evidence of protein preservation in a terrestrial vertebrate found inside the vascular canals of a rib of a 195-million-year-old sauropodomorph dinosaur, where blood vessels and nerves would normally have been present in the living organism.\u0026quot;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms14220  "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3950337324977333133"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3950337324977333133"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589946766470#c3950337324977333133","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"txpiper"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/03645156881353741058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-929760727"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, May 19, 2020 11:52:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4254168792255544274"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-19T13:22:14.196-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-19T13:22:14.196-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Hi Larry. I would like to read your essay on macro..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Hi Larry. I would like to read your essay on macroevolution that you linked in several blog posts here, but the links are not working for me, apparently they\u0026#39;re down. Do you have any link that is working? \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThanks in advance. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4602887036384035734\/comments\/default\/4254168792255544274"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4602887036384035734\/comments\/default\/4254168792255544274"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/what-is-macroevolution.html?showComment=1589908934196#c4254168792255544274","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"João"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06897303523201917516"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/what-is-macroevolution.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4602887036384035734","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4602887036384035734","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-415145155"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, May 19, 2020 1:22:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7393841372430296840"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-17T22:53:11.638-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-17T22:53:11.638-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Correction: Jerrold Lowenstein was at UCSF, not SF..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Correction: Jerrold Lowenstein was at UCSF, not SFSU."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/7393841372430296840"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/7393841372430296840"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589770391638#c7393841372430296840","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, May 17, 2020 10:53:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4437133661021350523"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-17T16:34:04.666-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-17T16:34:04.666-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"\u0026quot;such material can last much longer than firs..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u0026quot;such material can last much longer than first assumed\u0026quot;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EYeah, that was a piss-poor taphonomic assumption. They are more enlightened and liberated now. DNA replication errors were apparently busy producing cholesterol-bearing animals before that Cambrian.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003E“It’s part of a renaissance in the field in palaeontology,” said Gold. “We’re discovering, as our tools and technologies get better and better, we’re finding that actually there are all sorts of organic matter — proteins, fats, different carbon compounds — things that we didn’t think could survive for such a long period of time,” he added.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E“Because of that we can find things like preserved pigments to see the colours of dinosaurs, or in this case, the cholesterol content of 500-million-year-old fossil.”\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.news.com.au\/technology\/science\/evolution\/a-558millionyear-riddle-and-a-global-palaeontology-feud-has-been-settled\/news-story\/11079e877385afb1620adcb008dc8c53 \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/4437133661021350523"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/4437133661021350523"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589747644666#c4437133661021350523","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"txpiper"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/03645156881353741058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-929760727"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, May 17, 2020 4:34:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5831124788988250393"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-17T03:00:22.106-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-17T03:00:22.106-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Over three decades ago Jerrold Lowenstein of San F..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Over three decades ago Jerrold Lowenstein of San Francisco State University ground up material from the fossil Ramapithecus, about 15 million years old, and injected it into a rabbit.  The antibodies elicited showed strongest reaction with orangutang, suggesting that Ramapithecus and orangs were a clade.  It implied that there was residual protein still present after almost 15 million years.  In his sensitive radioimmunoassay, other fossils millions of years old also showed evidence of immunologically detectable collagen."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/5831124788988250393"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/5831124788988250393"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589698822106#c5831124788988250393","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/00430555755335300584"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-71226567"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Sunday, May 17, 2020 3:00:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-1436798699369042566"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-16T19:07:40.799-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-16T19:07:40.799-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Long-term preservation of organic material under s..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Long-term preservation of organic material under special circumstances is an exciting new field. Turns out what we once thought we knew about preservation was incomplete, and that under the right circumstances such material can last much longer than first assumed. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/1436798699369042566"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/1436798699369042566"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589670460799#c1436798699369042566","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIaUJ4pCpaE\/UaBt7hHdemI\/AAAAAAAAACM\/VHgMmN5IxLE\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Saturday, May 16, 2020 7:07:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-1526690240568630798"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-16T10:43:11.313-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-16T10:43:11.313-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Ancient muscle tissue extracted from 18 million ye..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Ancient muscle tissue extracted from 18 million year old fossil\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003Ehttps:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2009-11-ancient-muscle-tissue-million-year.html"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/1526690240568630798"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/1526690240568630798"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589640191313#c1526690240568630798","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"txpiper"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/03645156881353741058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-929760727"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Saturday, May 16, 2020 10:43:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-2553314680043466462"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-15T23:54:18.105-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-15T23:54:18.105-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Maybe education is the wrong word. If you\u0026#39;re h..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Maybe education is the wrong word. If you\u0026#39;re having your nose rubbed in evidence and can\u0026#39;t notice it, maybe you\u0026#39;ve just been trained."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/2553314680043466462"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/2553314680043466462"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589601258105#c2553314680043466462","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"txpiper"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/03645156881353741058"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-929760727"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, May 15, 2020 11:54:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5571025355845808098"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-15T19:21:59.123-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-15T19:21:59.123-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Ahh yes, education, that age old enemy of supersti..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Ahh yes, education, that age old enemy of superstition."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/5571025355845808098"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/5571025355845808098"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html?showComment=1589584919123#c5571025355845808098","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7996275158739366668\/comments\/default\/3495420589963395162"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-SIaUJ4pCpaE\/UaBt7hHdemI\/AAAAAAAAACM\/VHgMmN5IxLE\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/three-scientists-discuss-junk-dna.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7996275158739366668","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7996275158739366668","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, May 15, 2020 7:21:00 PM"}]}]}});