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Given the large amount of junk DNA, most mutants that fix are of course neutral.  But that does not establish that mutations in coding sequences or control regions that affect morphology (for example) can be assumed to be neutral.  Some of the miscommunication involves the phrase \u0026quot;amount of evolution\u0026quot;, which is ambiguous as to whether it counts all changes in sequences, or only changes that affect morphology and\/or behavior.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/7456376782741613145"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/7456376782741613145"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710222681373#c7456376782741613145","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 12, 2024 1:51:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-8779488216849178054"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-12T00:56:27.475-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-12T00:56:27.475-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@Joe Felsenstein\nVisible change in morphological c..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@Joe Felsenstein\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVisible change in morphological characters almost always has enough fitness effect that pure neutrality is not very plausible. Anyone want to argue that the elephant\u0026#39;s trunk gets longer and shorter mostly by neutral mutation and genetic drift? I get the impression that Larry does.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAlot of this \u0026quot;how important is selection vs drift\u0026quot; debates often seems to reduce to something like that. One guy says \u0026quot;look at how many mutations fix are neutral, it\u0026#39;s almost all of them\u0026quot;, and then another guy points at some highly adaptive morphological character and says \u0026quot;clearly selection is most important.\u0026quot; I always get the sense they\u0026#39;re talking past each other. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/8779488216849178054"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/8779488216849178054"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710219387475#c8779488216849178054","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiawAdotV8MwbwY7wALHwO_g7C9S1bZQnRylbp7ftbgMeIB1ZAux8pnTldGxvDJWWYtNguvLNZsHEPVDvPD_goi82lqOmAOtCUe1r7xi6lT3EyRbov2Z1r6o1xSImmXVc0\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 12, 2024 12:56:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-2116838708225706054"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-12T00:04:04.314-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-12T00:04:04.314-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I argued that when Zuckerkandl and Pauling propose..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"I argued that when Zuckerkandl and Pauling proposed the molecular clock they thought that constant selection explained it, not neutral evolution.\u003Cbr \/\u003EMorgan, G. J. (1998). Emile Zuckerkandl, Linus Pauling, and the molecular evolutionary clock, 1959-1965. Journal of the History of Biology, 155-178.\u003Cbr \/\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Gregory-Morgan-2\/publication\/226242136_Emile_Zuckerkandl_Linus_Pauling_and_the_Molecular_Evolutionary_Clock_1959-1965\/links\/54d558070cf25013d02b025a\/Emile-Zuckerkandl-Linus-Pauling-and-the-Molecular-Evolutionary-Clock-1959-1965.pdf"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/2116838708225706054"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/2116838708225706054"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710216244314#c2116838708225706054","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Gregory Morgan"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-775086576"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 12, 2024 12:04:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5333500153594205025"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-11T16:59:22.851-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-11T16:59:22.851-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The Gould and Lewontin \u0026quot;spandrels\u0026quot; paper..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"The Gould and Lewontin \u0026quot;spandrels\u0026quot; paper was not just raising the possibility of neutral mutation.  It was asking whether, when you saw changes that looked like natural selection, could you conclude that your particular selection hypothesis was correct.  You could not assume that, but not just because neutral change was possible.  It could be that the change you saw in morphological characters was not due to selection on those characters, but selection on other characters that were genetically correlated with them.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESpandrels in cathedrals were quite deliberately put there by architects -- they weren\u0026#39;t neutral, without them the dome would fall down. We are not justified in assuming that they are there to have a place to draw pictures of saints.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EVisible change in morphological characters almost always has enough fitness effect that pure neutrality is not very plausible.  Anyone want to argue that the  elephant\u0026#39;s trunk gets longer and shorter mostly by neutral mutation and genetic drift?  I get the impression that Larry does."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/5333500153594205025"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/5333500153594205025"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710190762851#c5333500153594205025","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 11, 2024 4:59:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-516770142183264665"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-11T13:43:29.409-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-11T13:43:29.409-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"From the point of view of molecular phylogenetics,..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"From the point of view of molecular phylogenetics, we would prefer that all sequences be evolving neutrally. It makes the models used in evaluating trees more tractable, it minimizes problems of systematic convergence, and it provides the most phylogenetic signal per unit time."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/516770142183264665"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/516770142183264665"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710179009409#c516770142183264665","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"John Harshman"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/04478895397136729867"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"25","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgPJuJTAlFlhPVFvkMq47-LCUxWcU852MvrC2PltaAR7iDsagNCH3YizgoQlJmF-IpPqE7QZBSt5RvxOedtcRoiiQUwDoGIQ4GwmiYxC9_NMIqowH8s9AINhyCqARlMaQ\/s113\/whistling+daffy+smaller.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1733149485"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 11, 2024 1:43:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6528911416308392449"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-11T11:29:03.304-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-11T11:29:03.304-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Thank you. I read the Galtier paper and this post ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Thank you. I read the Galtier paper and this post putting it in context makes me think I understand it a bit better."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/6528911416308392449"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/6528911416308392449"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710170943304#c6528911416308392449","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Don Cates"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-775086576"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 11, 2024 11:29:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-304089343568789630"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-11T10:33:48.157-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-11T10:33:48.157-04:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"sorry.  proffesor Moran I have a question  ... how..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"sorry.  proffesor Moran I have a question  ... how can a deleterious mutation be fixed by drift and afterward never be eliminated by puyfiying selection?   "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/304089343568789630"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/4606714020443044895\/comments\/default\/304089343568789630"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html?showComment=1710167628157#c304089343568789630","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mehrshad"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/11316293459692282231"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/the-neutralist-selectionist-debate-in.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4606714020443044895","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/4606714020443044895","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-134488088"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 11, 2024 10:33:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6197497289861080180"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-08T11:50:14.643-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-08T11:50:14.643-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@Mahrshad asks, \u0026quot;HI...do you think science ne..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@Mahrshad asks, \u0026quot;HI...do you think science need philosophy? why not\/ why yes?\u0026quot;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELet\u0026#39;s be clear about one thing. Philosophy needs science.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI don\u0026#39;t know if the reverse is true. I know that all disciplines need to follow the standard rules of logic and argumentation and that\u0026#39;s clearly the domain of philosophy. So, in that sense, everyone needs philosophy.  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI\u0026#39;m still looking for good examples of philosophy making a significant contribution to science where the contribution lies outside of science itself and clearly within the domain of philosophy. That\u0026#39;s going to be a challenge since I adopt the broad definition of science that encompasses philosophy.   "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/6197497289861080180"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/6197497289861080180"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709916614643#c6197497289861080180","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgmHKoaTZEME1k4cFNqi8D5etXzITF1B5dsjqFxE5NX1XVWLCkRf8okUT3QhYviHRhILF8COqDpquwb5yaiuM9CpAlJ9ffenah2QFlXJuEyQ2uw7O2VPYNdq7HKMl4NA\/s220\/Larry+Moran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, March 08, 2024 11:50:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-9111601256562289488"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-08T11:41:09.253-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-08T11:41:09.253-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@Jathro: Junk DNA opponents often point to the fac..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@Jathro: Junk DNA opponents often point to the fact that mutations in non-coding DNA are associated with genetic diseases. They do this is order to refute the strawman version of function that restricts function to coding DNA.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWe\u0026#39;ve always known that mutations in regulatory sequences can cause problems so this isn\u0026#39;t news. There\u0026#39;s plenty of room for functional non-coding DNA in the 10% of the genome that\u0026#39;s functional.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHowever, there\u0026#39;s another problem with that argument. It\u0026#39;s possible for mutations in junk DNA to cause genetic diseases. Known examples include mutations in the junk DNA part of introns that create new aberrant splice sites.          \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/9111601256562289488"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/9111601256562289488"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709916069253#c9111601256562289488","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgmHKoaTZEME1k4cFNqi8D5etXzITF1B5dsjqFxE5NX1XVWLCkRf8okUT3QhYviHRhILF8COqDpquwb5yaiuM9CpAlJ9ffenah2QFlXJuEyQ2uw7O2VPYNdq7HKMl4NA\/s220\/Larry+Moran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Friday, March 08, 2024 11:41:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6543669126800493535"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-07T19:26:22.425-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-07T19:26:22.425-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"None of these issues are relevant. they are issues..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"None of these issues are relevant. they are issues that aere famous at the moment and show the the guy is trying to make his stuff matter.This is unintelligent. Science is only a methodology to rech conclusions. Its meant to be so well done as to demand confidence in nits conclusions. The first insight\/guess is not science. so pilosophy, other conclusions, only can make the road straight by getting poor science out of the way. Creationism does this. Evolutionary biology was not scientific and indeed philosophy in time will show it.Again they want science to be noun when its a verb. Science is not the hunch.God should start the hunch in mens thinking. Then prove your stuff with methodology. no philosophy is needed in a strick methodology.The creationist asks for biological scientific evidence of evolution and does not want philosophy of gender\/race\/aliens."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/399648968143965099\/comments\/default\/6543669126800493535"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/399648968143965099\/comments\/default\/6543669126800493535"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/why-philosophy-of-biology.html?showComment=1709857582425#c6543669126800493535","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Robert Byers"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/17226386832358052266"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/why-philosophy-of-biology.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-399648968143965099","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/399648968143965099","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1308448639"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Thursday, March 07, 2024 7:26:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-3299626919268053535"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-07T15:06:53.703-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-07T15:06:53.703-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"HI...do you think science need philosophy? why not..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"HI...do you think science need philosophy? why not\/ why yes ? "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/399648968143965099\/comments\/default\/3299626919268053535"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/399648968143965099\/comments\/default\/3299626919268053535"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/why-philosophy-of-biology.html?showComment=1709842013703#c3299626919268053535","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mehrshad"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/11316293459692282231"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/why-philosophy-of-biology.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-399648968143965099","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/399648968143965099","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-134488088"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Thursday, March 07, 2024 3:06:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-8499787632300296646"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-06T18:13:40.373-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-06T18:13:40.373-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Regaridng: \u0026quot;fewer than 1000 lncRNAs are prese..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Regaridng: \u0026quot;fewer than 1000 lncRNAs are present at greater than one copy per cell.\u0026quot;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHow many are there when these fewer than 1000 are present AND is this a shotgun approach - make make of the important functional ones so that they have a better probability of binding\/finding their target in the cell? "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/9096140604026500883\/comments\/default\/8499787632300296646"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/9096140604026500883\/comments\/default\/8499787632300296646"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-5-what.html?showComment=1709766820373#c8499787632300296646","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Jathro"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15576604759584439771"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-5-what.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-9096140604026500883","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/9096140604026500883","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-466336275"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Wednesday, March 06, 2024 6:13:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-2987356174520307293"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-06T17:56:57.300-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-06T17:56:57.300-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Would not Walter\u0026#39;s definition also include eve..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Would not Walter\u0026#39;s definition also include every metabolic disease and even death - say via cancer? I mean all of that is biological \u0026#39;function.\u0026#39; The maintenance seems more rigorous.  "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/2987356174520307293"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/2987356174520307293"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709765817300#c2987356174520307293","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Jathro"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15576604759584439771"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-466336275"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Wednesday, March 06, 2024 5:56:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5739137673815701488"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-06T09:31:18.677-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-06T09:31:18.677-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Larry: That would seem to imply that these sequenc..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Larry: That would seem to imply that these sequences were functional at one time, in some other context, but may not be so now. Or is he talking about junk as the repository of once and future function, somehow maintained by selection because it might come in handy some day? It really isn\u0026#39;t clear."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/5739137673815701488"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/5739137673815701488"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html?showComment=1709735478677#c5739137673815701488","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"John Harshman"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/04478895397136729867"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"25","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgPJuJTAlFlhPVFvkMq47-LCUxWcU852MvrC2PltaAR7iDsagNCH3YizgoQlJmF-IpPqE7QZBSt5RvxOedtcRoiiQUwDoGIQ4GwmiYxC9_NMIqowH8s9AINhyCqARlMaQ\/s113\/whistling+daffy+smaller.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6308134049951091713","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6308134049951091713","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1733149485"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Wednesday, March 06, 2024 9:31:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-8915785708942975313"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-06T09:16:26.254-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-06T09:16:26.254-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"My son and I are doing ancestry.com and some other..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"My son and I are doing ancestry.com and some other research. One source that is amazing is the Genealogy of Nicholas Knapp. The book is available for reading online. Amazing resource"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/95999394868338263\/comments\/default\/8915785708942975313"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/95999394868338263\/comments\/default\/8915785708942975313"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/hanging-of-goodwife-knapp-in-1653.html?showComment=1709734586254#c8915785708942975313","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Bill Knapp"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05306177564630152701"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2009\/09\/hanging-of-goodwife-knapp-in-1653.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-95999394868338263","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/95999394868338263","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1574604667"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Wednesday, March 06, 2024 9:16:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7814320118301919438"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T13:52:45.788-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T13:52:45.788-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"THe more I read about the article the more I get t..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"THe more I read about the article the more I get the impression that Walter is trapped in an RNA world of his own making. Just like John Mattick."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/7814320118301919438"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/7814320118301919438"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html?showComment=1709664765788#c7814320118301919438","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"SPARC"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/09563722742249547887"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6308134049951091713","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6308134049951091713","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-2089325296"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 1:52:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-996401424384518396"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T12:22:08.710-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T12:22:08.710-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@Larry:  A very practical experiment.  Elon Musk w..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@Larry:  A very practical experiment.  Elon Musk will presumably be advocating it any day now."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/996401424384518396"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/996401424384518396"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709659328710#c996401424384518396","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 12:22:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-537638956815720383"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T11:36:50.224-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T11:36:50.224-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@Joe Felsenstein: I should clarify that when I sai..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@Joe Felsenstein: I should clarify that when I said that deleting some presumably junk DNA should have a slightly positive effect that would only be true in a very large panmictic population.  \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ESuppose in some individual we deleted 5 Mb of DNA that was truly junk and \u003Ci\u003Es\u003C\/i\u003E = 0.000001. Now let\u0026#39;s say we take that individual and 999,999 randomly selected humans and send them all off to another planet. We\u0026#39;ll pass a law saying you can\u0026#39;t mate with anyone who is closer to you than 5th cousin. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWait 30 million years (one million generations). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe probability that the deletion will become fixed is approximately 2\u003Ci\u003Es\u003C\/i\u003E, or 0.002%, right?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhat\u0026#39;s the probability if we delete the same 5 Mb in 500,000 people before sending them all off to another planet? I\u0026#39;m sure you can do that calculation. I can\u0026#39;t because I\u0026#39;m not good with logarithms.   "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/537638956815720383"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/537638956815720383"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709656610224#c537638956815720383","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgmHKoaTZEME1k4cFNqi8D5etXzITF1B5dsjqFxE5NX1XVWLCkRf8okUT3QhYviHRhILF8COqDpquwb5yaiuM9CpAlJ9ffenah2QFlXJuEyQ2uw7O2VPYNdq7HKMl4NA\/s220\/Larry+Moran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 11:36:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-2694016348412072287"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T10:47:22.980-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T10:47:22.980-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@Joe Felsenstein: I realize now that by saying \u0026qu..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@Joe Felsenstein: I realize now that by saying \u0026quot;without noticeable effect\u0026quot; I opened myself up to the criticism that you expressed.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThere are two separate issues here. The first concerns the definition of function. Do we described it in terms of whether or not a given sequence contributes to the survivability of the individual or species? Or do we use the causal role definition preferred by Walter and other junk DNA opponents?   \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe second issue is how do we test the maintenance function definition. That\u0026#39;s the part that you challenge and I agree that it\u0026#39;s practically impossible to do an experiment that would definitely answer the question. Deleting a few megabases of presumably junk DNA should actually have a tiny positive effect on fitness but we\u0026#39;ll never be able to see it.   "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/2694016348412072287"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/2694016348412072287"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709653642980#c2694016348412072287","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgmHKoaTZEME1k4cFNqi8D5etXzITF1B5dsjqFxE5NX1XVWLCkRf8okUT3QhYviHRhILF8COqDpquwb5yaiuM9CpAlJ9ffenah2QFlXJuEyQ2uw7O2VPYNdq7HKMl4NA\/s220\/Larry+Moran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 10:47:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-784052420217628394"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T10:31:28.448-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T10:31:28.448-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"@John Harshman: You have to read that in the conte..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"@John Harshman: You have to read that in the context of the next paragraph that says, among other things, \u0026quot;Functionally, LINE-1 retrotransposition has been hypothesized contribute to somatic mosaicism, genome diversification and genetic innovation.\u0026quot;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhat he\u0026#39;s arguing, I think, is that transposon-related sequences aren\u0026#39;t junk. Instead they contribute to the long term survival and evolution of the species. The reason we see those sequences in today\u0026#39;s genomes is because they played an important role in the past and our genome preserves a record of that success.   "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/784052420217628394"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/784052420217628394"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html?showComment=1709652688448#c784052420217628394","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgmHKoaTZEME1k4cFNqi8D5etXzITF1B5dsjqFxE5NX1XVWLCkRf8okUT3QhYviHRhILF8COqDpquwb5yaiuM9CpAlJ9ffenah2QFlXJuEyQ2uw7O2VPYNdq7HKMl4NA\/s220\/Larry+Moran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6308134049951091713","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6308134049951091713","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 10:31:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-4472280999818399357"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T10:19:53.700-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T10:19:53.700-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"You seem to have spent most of your post on sequen..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"You seem to have spent most of your post on sequence conservation and little on the C-vallue paradox and Onion Test. Can you in fact explain Walter\u0026#39;s argument against big differences in genome size as evidence of junk? It\u0026#39;s brief, but I don\u0026#39;t understand it at all.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHere:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ci\u003EHowever, modern sequence analyses have found that at least some species, including ancient crop plants such as corn that form allopolyploids (i.e., complete sets of chromosomes from different species) with wide hybridization between variants, provide an opportunity to unite retrotransposons in one genome following a period of divergence, which in turn leads to periodic bursts of retrotransposon and genome expansion.[65] Since the genomes of today represent a recording of sequence alterations over possibly millions of years across many ecological niches, they likely entail evolutionary imprints of ever-varying biological conditions that cannot be fully understood from just examining the end product in extant species.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhat is that supposed to mean?"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/4472280999818399357"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6308134049951091713\/comments\/default\/4472280999818399357"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html?showComment=1709651993700#c4472280999818399357","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"John Harshman"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/04478895397136729867"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"25","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgPJuJTAlFlhPVFvkMq47-LCUxWcU852MvrC2PltaAR7iDsagNCH3YizgoQlJmF-IpPqE7QZBSt5RvxOedtcRoiiQUwDoGIQ4GwmiYxC9_NMIqowH8s9AINhyCqARlMaQ\/s113\/whistling+daffy+smaller.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-6-c-value.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6308134049951091713","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6308134049951091713","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1733149485"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 10:19:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6124074880620180658"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-05T00:26:56.708-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-05T00:26:56.708-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Correction of my comment:  drift dominates when th..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Correction of my comment:  drift dominates when the \u003Cem\u003Eabsolute value\u003C\/em\u003E of  s  is less than 0.000001."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/6124074880620180658"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/6124074880620180658"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709616416708#c6124074880620180658","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Tuesday, March 05, 2024 12:26:00 AM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-1987402321145422252"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-04T23:52:48.538-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-04T23:52:48.538-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The problem with the designation of \u0026quot;without ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"The problem with the designation of \u0026quot;without noticeable effect\u0026quot; is that the ability of a model organism to survive and reproduce in a lab is not a rigorous test of lack of effect.  Remember that the \u0026quot;drift barrier\u0026quot; is having a selection coefficient greater than 1\/N.  For a natural population of modest size, say 1,000,000, drift dominates if  \u003Cem\u003Es \u0026lt; 0.000001\u003C\/em\u003E.  I doubt that most laboratory observations would even be able to detect a selection coefficient of \u003Cem\u003Es = 0.001\u003C\/em\u003E.  The effect that is noticeable by natural selection over millions of generations, leading to conservation between species, is a \u003Cem\u003Elot\u003C\/em\u003E smaller than the effect that is noticeable by us in the lab.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhich is not to be interpreted as me agreeing with Walter\u0026#39;s other arguments."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/1987402321145422252"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/6688121713675798966\/comments\/default\/1987402321145422252"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html?showComment=1709614368538#c1987402321145422252","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Joe Felsenstein"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/06359126552631140000"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-4.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6688121713675798966","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/6688121713675798966","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1872883924"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 04, 2024 11:52:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-6771516766193165935"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-04T18:22:51.520-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-04T18:22:51.520-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"There\u0026#39;s a lot of misinformation on the interne..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"There\u0026#39;s a lot of misinformation on the internet concerning the David family and their origins. It seems very likely that Guillaume and Claude were brothers and it seems likely that they were not born in France but spoke French. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThat suggests Flanders and that\u0026#39;s consistent with the idea that Guillaume\u0026#39;s wife, Marie Harmans, could not speak French and was comfortable living in the Dutch colony. It\u0026#39;s been suggested that Marie was a resident in the Kingston area when she met and married Guillaume and that makes sense if Guillaume was familiar with Dutch. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMichel David and Gary David wrote \u0026quot;Disclaimer of False Connections in the Guillaume David Family Trees\u0026quot; and they have done extensive research in France without finding any evidence that Guillaume and Claude were born there. \u003Cbr \/\u003E  "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/1123811438162405099\/comments\/default\/6771516766193165935"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/1123811438162405099\/comments\/default\/6771516766193165935"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2008\/09\/sleepy-hollow.html?showComment=1709594571520#c6771516766193165935","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Larry Moran"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05756598746605455848"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhgmHKoaTZEME1k4cFNqi8D5etXzITF1B5dsjqFxE5NX1XVWLCkRf8okUT3QhYviHRhILF8COqDpquwb5yaiuM9CpAlJ9ffenah2QFlXJuEyQ2uw7O2VPYNdq7HKMl4NA\/s220\/Larry+Moran.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2008\/09\/sleepy-hollow.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-1123811438162405099","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/1123811438162405099","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-886792544"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 04, 2024 6:22:00 PM"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-5790056805696271620"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-04T10:36:40.437-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-04T10:36:40.437-05:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Indeed. "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Indeed. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7254904096020299494\/comments\/default\/5790056805696271620"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/37148773\/7254904096020299494\/comments\/default\/5790056805696271620"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-3.html?showComment=1709566600437#c5790056805696271620","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Mikkel Rumraket Rasmussen"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07670550711237457368"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"33","height":"25","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiawAdotV8MwbwY7wALHwO_g7C9S1bZQnRylbp7ftbgMeIB1ZAux8pnTldGxvDJWWYtNguvLNZsHEPVDvPD_goi82lqOmAOtCUe1r7xi6lT3EyRbov2Z1r6o1xSImmXVc0\/s220\/continentaldrift.png"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/sandwalk.blogspot.com\/2024\/02\/nils-walter-disputes-junk-dna-3.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-37148773.post-7254904096020299494","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/37148773/posts/default/7254904096020299494","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1643886266"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"Monday, March 04, 2024 10:36:00 AM"}]}]}});